JULIUS SHULMAN, MD: Astigmatism is when light does not fall to a point. A is without, stigma is point in Greek. It's a refractive error where everything is blurred, near and far, as opposed to farsighted or nearsighted. So astigmatism is kind of a combination.
DAVID R. MARKS, MD: There are a lot of ways now with the laser to treat, and you're a specialist at that, but there are some ways to treat these problems without resorting to laser treatment. What are they?
JULIUS SHULMAN, MD: Well, the obvious one is glasses. Glasses have been around for many, many years. There are contact lenses and contact lenses now can correct almost all refractive errors: myopia, even astigmatism. There are bifocal soft contact lenses. There are gas permeable. So contact lenses are generally an option. And most people probably will have tried contact lenses and certainly glasses before they come to laser eye surgery.
DAVID R. MARKS, MD: What are some of the negatives of using either glasses or contacts to treat a vision problem?
JULIUS SHULMAN, MD: Glasses are fine up to a point. After you become extremely nearsighted or farsighted, many people feel handicapped. They go to sleep, they wake up, they may not be able to find their glasses.
DAVID R. MARKS, MD: You see people putting them on and taking them off all the time.